Military reform has just been set up, and there is still a lot of work to be done, but most of it is step by step, and things have not affected the stability and combat effectiveness of the army.
Only then did Zhu Jinglun carry out other reforms.
At this time, it was already 172 years, and rural education was reformed this time!
Section five hundred and sixty-four Education reform 1
Education reform is definitely the core and most qualitative field of China, because he is involved in ideological struggle.
Confucianism and Taoism have dominated the educational field of this country for over a thousand years, and gained absolute superiority in the Han Dynasty and established a dominant position in the Song Dynasty.
It is definitely a historical event that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of Confucianism, which marked that China entered the Confucian era from then on, but most of the most elite talents in the later dynasties were not from Confucianism.
I can imagine that none of Cao Cao and other lean figures gave an impression of Confucian scholars during the Three Kingdoms period.
Wei Zhi and Chang Sun-ji, civil servants in the Tang Dynasty, really can’t be regarded as Confucian scholars. They are all capable of chopping people with horses.
It was not until the Song Dynasty that this situation changed the personal temperament of Wang Anshi and others who advocated political reform in the Song Dynasty.
This indicates that the Confucian core scholar-bureaucrat culture really took shape in the Song Dynasty.
The most important reason is that Confucianism in the Song Dynasty also reached a mature stage, marked by the birth of Zhu Xi, the most powerful person in Confucianism after Confucius and Mencius. His appearance laid the mainstream position of Neo-Confucianism in Confucianism, and Neo-Confucianism replaced various schools of Confucianism.
And Zhu Xi-ren also became a Taoist figure, was honored as Zhu Neo-Confucianism and became Zhu Xue.
Of course, Zhu Xi didn’t do it alone. He pushed Confucianism to the peak and really gave it dominance. Even after the demise of the Song Dynasty and the revival of the Dynasty, Confucianism could still rule China people’s thoughts. I have to say that Zhu Xi is very big.
Why did Confucianism become such a powerful ideological tool and the dominance of Confucianism become so powerful after the exhibition of Song Neo-Confucianism? On the one hand, the imperial examination has indeed given Confucianism a different status, which is equivalent to making Confucianism an official and learning better than being taught by a certain religion.
However, this is not the root cause. It should be said that it was because of the strong position of Confucianism that he was able to become a imperial examination. It was not because of the imperial examination that Confucianism was strong, but because it strengthened and established this position.
What really made Confucianism so effective, Neo-Confucianism so powerful, later generations criticized Neo-Confucianism, feudal superstitions, the Three Cardinals and the Five Permits, and so on, were the reasons for his strength.
Some of these disciplines are indeed too harsh, but it is these things that have laid the foundation for Confucianism.
There was a monk named Faxian, who was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty hundreds of years earlier than Tang Priest. He went to Tianzhu from the Western Regions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and learned Buddhist scriptures hundreds of years earlier than Tang Priest.
However, Fa Xian did not learn from the Buddhist precepts. At that time, the coexistence of five lakes and sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the most chaotic time in China. The more chaotic the times, the more prosperous religion was. However, Buddhism was very chaotic at that time, and various schools coexisted without certain rules.
In particular, Buddhists have no rules to eat wine, drink meat, marry and lend usury. The official influence is very bad, which makes Faxian think that Buddhism will not last long. He wants to go to Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures. In addition to getting back millions of words of scriptures, the most important thing is to get back the precepts of Tianzhu monks.
These precepts are not just the precepts of not eating meat, which is loved by everyone. They include a whole set of Buddhist management methods, from the initiation ceremony to the temple management. Because of these precepts, Buddhism has been unified into a whole, instead of one temple after another. A monk can only travel through the sky with a spy and live in various temples.
Zhu Xi’s treatment of Confucianism is actually similar to that of Buddhism. He has set rules for Confucianism through these disciplines and ethics, so that readers can have a unified way of doing things, unify their ideas, unify their world outlook and cognition. Although Confucianism has not formed a religion like Buddhism, it has greatly strengthened the unity of this school of thought
Without Zhu Xi and other neo-Confucianism masters, although Confucianism could still spread widely, it would never have such strong dominance as in the Song Dynasty.
For example, before the Song Dynasty, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty believed that the status of Taoist Confucius could not be compared with that of the old.
Zhu Xi, they unified the thought of reading people through the discipline, and called the right mind among the reading population.
Now Zhu Jinglun intends to move this thing, which is really a very difficult and courageous thing.
The most difficult thing is that the foundation of Neo-Confucianism is in the rural society that rules the patriarchal clan system and protects it.
All the reforms of former Zhu Jinglun reached the county level, and first, they started from the easiest port area. This commercial regional experience power is much greater than that of rural society, so the reforms are often limited to the economic nature.
In China, the economy is often the best because China people are very practical.
But politics is more difficult to change, and the most difficult thing to change is based on ideology and customs.
Even in the 21st century, people in China have maintained a considerable ideological unity, such as paying attention to filial piety and attaching great importance to family. At that time, people in China were able to support their wives and children and work outside the home all year round.
There are also disadvantages, that is, the legal concept is weak, and they are not good at protecting the interests of the law. When they encounter injustice, they do not seek legal support. Many times, they still like to gather people to fight privately, and there are medical disputes. On the other hand, the judicial body is not good at doing it and has no credibility.
Zhu Jinglun also encountered obstacles in all aspects in the reform, from the earliest port to the recent railway construction, and he encountered violent resistance. He has always made various means flexible, and now he has achieved the goal of releasing all ports. Every county along the Pearl River has its own port, and even Wuzhou, Guangxi, has also released a trade railway, which has continued to advance.
However, on the issue of education, it is still in a stalemate with the unified forces.
As early as ten years ago, before Zhu Jinglun rebelled, when he planned to take the imperial examination, he was met with the biggest boycott. At that time, the old people from all over the country were connected in series, and finally he made a petition to Zhu Jinglun. At that time, Zhu Jinglun objected to adding mathematics to the official status examination.
Apart from these two things, the old lady hasn’t petitioned for many years. Obviously, building railways and other things are not as important as educating them.
It is from this lesson that Zhu Jinglun has been particularly cautious in education in recent years and finally avoided confrontation with conservative forces. On the one hand, he relied on the imperial examination to guide rural education, on the other hand, he invested heavily in building new schools in the market.
Zhan Sen, an American educator, was not in a hurry. Instead, he gave great affirmation to the big education exhibition, and so did the big education. In recent years, Zhan Sen has always insisted that education should be unified with the country. At this point, he can tolerate those old people, but those old people don’t like him the most.
This is probably due to the world outlook of Americans, who seem to want to give freedom to everything. Zhan Sen is very disgusted with the compulsory promotion of unified mode education, but this is the era when compulsory education is popular. Even the United States has introduced Prussian mode of education, but Zhan Sen criticized this way, which made American children lose a lot. He missed the British education in the past. A tutor was responsible for all aspects of children’s knowledge training, from Latin to mathematics until the end of education at the university. Tutors can not only formulate targeted teaching methods for children’s characteristics, but also cultivate feelings for a long time, so children often grow up with more human touch in this educational model.
Educator Zhan Sen has his own ideas, but this way can really train senior talents, but it is very unfavorable for promotion. The British finally believe that their education is the most successful British university and the only famous school in the future that can compare with American universities. However, in the final analysis, British education is an elite education. The elite have very good educational conditions. They can receive humanities education such as philosophy and music from an early age and finally enter Cambridge and Oxford. However, those children who have grown up in ordinary schools have finally become scum.
Zhu Jinglun doesn’t disapprove of this kind of elite education, but he thinks it is only after the basic education is completed that the achievement of popularizing this kind of elite education now is too big for the British Empire to afford, which leads to the fact that the education popularization rate in Britain is worse than that in Japan.
In fact, the struggle between elite education and general education is to unify apprenticeship with modern factory, to let tutors teach students in the same way as apprentices, or to let teachers plant production lines to broadcast knowledge. Of course, there is a great difference in educational effect.
Zhan Sen’s insistence on elite education is unreasonable, but Zhu Jinglun did tell him that even ten elites can become talents if they have a general education rate, which is greater than the final total of one out of 100 people who can become talents without a general education.
Zhan Sen knows that the first priority is the general rate, followed by the elite education.
Therefore, he made a compromise suggestion, that is, don’t break the unified private school education. He believes that the way that an old man takes several or more children to teach until they take the imperial examination is an elite education. He believes that the old lady can form deep feelings with the students in the process of teaching, and she can also pass on the teacher’s behavior habits to the next generation.
However, this method is still relatively good for humanistic education, such as moral education based on Confucianism. An old man can teach several students for several years, which really gives more room for teachers than this teacher teaches one year and that teacher teaches one-year grade system, because teachers can formulate corresponding teaching methods according to the different learning conditions of each student. Students have poor understanding, strong understanding, rapid progress and slow progress. If unified teaching materials are used, some students will easily be eliminated step by step.
However, there is still a problem. In the past, private schools often taught students of all ages. A four-or five-year-old child may study with a teenager. If the old-age level is high and the sense of responsibility is strong, different methods will be formulated according to different students to teach them literacy. Teaching students writing skills in accordance with their aptitude is not delayed.
But this method is the same as British aristocratic education, that is, it is too inefficient, and a teacher can’t teach ten children at most even if he has a heart.
Finally, the improvement scheme is that a teacher still leads a group of students to adopt a repetition system for those students who are obviously behind in their studies, so that the teacher can educate the students to maintain almost the same learning level, thus ensuring that they need to choose ten teaching schemes, so that a teacher can educate 30 students at the same time, thus being greatly efficient.
Zhu Jinglun finally got the plan, and the more he read it, the more familiar he became. It was not the repetition system, but a teacher who taught this group of students until graduation after a class, that is, a teacher dealt with a group of children in a few years, and a group of children contacted a teacher in primary school.
Zhu Jinglun suddenly thought that this is the popular follower system in later generations.
Section five hundred and sixty-five Education reform 2
Zhu Jinglun believes that since later schools have adopted this method, despite all kinds of problems, he still says that this method is the general trend in the future and has other advantages, so he adopted the novel of nature.
Now this method has been popularized in cities and small towns, and the effect is not bad. One or two children may not be visible, but the average scores of tens of thousands of students are already very obvious statistically. These schools that adopt the follow-up system generally have better exam results than rural schools every year, and because of their good exam results, many actual parents also send their children from rural areas to urban schools. At present, the enrollment rate of this public school is very high and has been running at full capacity. At the same time, the result is that urban schools have absorbed 30% of school-age students in recent years.
This is a great progress, but it is still far from Zhu Jinglun’s general education. Without solving the rural education, it is bound to be impossible to complete the righteous education.
There are two difficulties in popularizing the system of taking others as the main follower in rural schools, one is the problem of teachers and the other is the problem of economics.
In the past, rural schools were mainly composed of squires as teachers, especially Zeng Guofan’s promotion of the Confucius Temple school model, which encouraged a large number of old people.
If it had been ten years ago, Zhu Jinglun really couldn’t replace these old people. What is this? He had been troubled by the promotion of universal education law.
But now, after ten years of support for education, although the popularization rate has remained at 30%, the number of trained talents is still 100 thousand. Now it is not so easy to take the imperial examination. Without a good foundation in mathematics and Chinese, it is impossible to take the examination.